Python provides a wide range of built-in exceptions that are raised when errors occur during execution. These exceptions help you identify what went wrong in your code.

What Are Built-in Exceptions?

Built-in exceptions are predefined error types in Python that are automatically raised for specific types of runtime errors (e.g., ValueError, TypeError, ZeroDivisionError).

Common Built-in Exceptions with Examples

1. ZeroDivisionError

Raised when you divide a number by zero.

x = 10 / 0

Output:

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

2. ValueError

Raised when a function receives an argument of the correct type but inappropriate value.

x = int("abc")

Output:

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'

3. TypeError

Raised when an operation is applied to an object of an inappropriate type.

x = '5' + 10

Output:

TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

4. IndexError

Raised when you try to access an index that is out of range.

lst = [1, 2, 3]
print(lst[5])

Output:

IndexError: list index out of range

5. KeyError

Raised when a dictionary key is not found.

d = {"name": "Alice"}
print(d["age"])

Output:

KeyError: 'age'

6. FileNotFoundError

Raised when trying to open a file that doesn’t exist.

open("nofile.txt")

Output:

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'nofile.txt'

7. AttributeError

Raised when an invalid attribute reference is made.

x = 10
x.append(5)

Output:

AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'append'

Full List of Common Built-in Exceptions