The random module in Python is used to generate random numbers and perform random operations like shuffling and selecting elements from a list.

To use it, you must first import it:

import random

1. random.random() – Random Float Between 0 and 1

import random
print(random.random())

Output (example):

0.53287493021

Explanation:
Returns a random float number between 0.0 and 1.0.

2. random.randint(a, b) – Random Integer Between a and b

import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))

Output:

7

Explanation:
Returns a random integer between a and b (inclusive).

3. random.uniform(a, b) – Random Float Between a and b

import random
print(random.uniform(1.5, 5.5))

Output:

3.74920653891

Explanation:
Returns a random float between a and b.

4. random.choice(sequence) – Random Element from List or String

import random
colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green']
print(random.choice(colors))

Output:

blue

Explanation:
Selects and returns a random item from a non-empty sequence like a list or string.

5. random.choices(sequence, k=n) – Returns n Random Elements with Replacement

import random
print(random.choices(['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], k=2))

Output:

['banana', 'apple']

Explanation:
Returns a list of k elements selected randomly with replacement.

6. random.sample(sequence, k) – Returns k Unique Elements Without Replacement

import random
print(random.sample(range(1, 10), 3))

Output:

[2, 9, 4]

Explanation:
Returns k unique elements randomly selected without replacement.

7. random.shuffle(list) – Shuffle List In-Place

import random
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(items)
print(items)

Output:

[3, 1, 5, 2, 4]

Explanation:
Randomly rearranges the items of the list. Note that this changes the list in place.

8. random.seed(n) – Set Random Seed (For Reproducibility)

import random
random.seed(42)
print(random.randint(1, 100))

Output:

82

Explanation:
Using seed() ensures predictable random numbers (useful for debugging/testing).

Summary Table of Common random Module Functions